Research DesignBack


The target population of this survey was defined as the principals of all local secondary schools excluding the international schools. No sampling was required.

This study was conducted by self-administered paper questionnaire, returned by the principals via mail or fax. The data collection period started from 1 June and ended on 20 June, 2011. A total of 109 questionnaires were received via fax and were considered valid. The response rate of this survey was 20.6%, with a standard error of sampling of no more than 4.3%, had it been a representative survey (Table 1).

Table 1. Contact information of the survey
 Successful Cases    Distributed Questionnaires   Response rate* Standard Error** 

109

530

20.6%

4.3%

* Response rate is calculated as the number of successful cases divided by the number of distributed questionnaires.
** Calculated as if these are random sample surveys.