HKU POP SITE releases the latest popularity figures of CE Donald Tsang and Principal OfficialsBack

Press Release on May 13, 2008

Abstract

The Public Opinion Programme at the University of Hong Kong interviewed 1,024 Hong Kong people between 2 and 6 May by means of a random telephone survey conducted by real interviewers. The survey finds that looking only at changes in approval rates over the past month, among CE and all principal officials, the following changes are significant beyond sampling errors: The approval rate of Secretary for the Civil Service Denise Yue dropped 6 percentage points, that of FS John Tsang and Secretary for Education Michael Suen both dropped 5 percentage points. According to the benchmarks set by us quite some time ago, Ambrose Lee is now the only official with "ideal" performance. Donald Tsang, Henry Tang, Wong Yan-lung, John Tsang and Matthew Cheung can be labeled as "successful", York Chow, Carrie Lam, Frederick Ma, Michael Suen, Stephen Lam and Tsang Tak-sing can be labeled as "mediocre", and Eva Cheng, Ceajer Chan, Denise Yue and Edward Yau can be labeled as "inconspicuous". No official falls under the categories of "depressing" or "disastrous". Robert Chung, Director of POP, observed, the further drop of John Tsang's popularity is obviously caused by the fading away of the Budget effect, and the appearance of inflation problems. There is not much left in what Tsang has gained through his Budget Speech. The sampling error of all approval and disapproval rates is between +/-1 and 4 percentage points at 95% confidence level, while the sampling error of rating figures needs another calculation. The response rate of the survey is 64%.

Points to note:

* The address of the "HKU POP SITE" is http://hkupop.pori.hk, journalists can check out the details of the survey there.
* The sample size of this survey is 1,024 successful interviews, not 1,024 x 63.8% response rate. In the past, many media made this mistake.
* The maximum sampling error of all approval and disapproval rates is below +/-1 to 4 percentage points at 95% confidence level, while the sampling error of rating figures needs another calculation. "95% confidence level" means that if we were to repeat a certain survey 100 times, using the same questions each time but with different random samples, we would expect 95 times getting a figure within the error margins specified. When quoting these figures, journalists can state "sampling error of various ratings not more than +/-1.2 and sampling error of percentages not more than +/-4% at 95% confidence level".
* When quoting percentages of this survey, journalists should refrain from reporting decimal places, but when quoting the rating figures, one decimal place can be used, in order to match the precision level of the figures.
* The data of this survey is collected by means of random telephone interviews conducted by real interviewers, not by any interactive voice system (IVS). If a research organization uses "computerized random telephone survey" to camouflage its IVS operation, it should be considered unprofessional.

Latest Figures

POP today releases on schedule via the POP Site the latest figures of CE Donald Tsang and Principal Officials under the accountability system. As a general practice, all figures have been weighted according to provisional figures obtained from the Census and Statistics Department regarding the gender-age distribution of the Hong Kong population in 2007 year-end. Herewith the contact information for the latest survey:

Date of survey	Overall sample size	Response rate	Maximum sampling error of percentages*
2-6/5/2008	1,024	63.8%	+/-3%

* Calculated at 95% confidence level using full sample size. "95% confidence level" means that if we were to repeat a certain survey 100 times, using the same questions each time but with different random samples, we would expect 95 times getting a figure within the error margins specified. Questions using only sub-samples would have bigger sample error. Sampling errors of ratings are calculated according to the distribution of the scores collected.

As different questions involve different sub-samples, the sample errors will vary accordingly. The table be briefly shows the relationship between sample size and maximum sampling errors for the readers to capture the corresponding changes:

Sample size (total sample or sub-sample)	Sampling error of percentages* (maximum values)	Sample size (total sample or sub-sample)	Sampling error of percentages* (maximum values)
Sample size (total sample or sub-sample)	Sampling error of percentages* (maximum values)	Sample size (total sample or sub-sample)	Sampling error of percentages* (maximum values)
1,300	+/- 2.8 %	1,350	+/- 2.7 %
1,200	+/- 2.9 %	1,250	+/- 2.8 %
1,100	+/- 3.0 %	1,150	+/- 3.0 %
1,000	+/- 3.2 %	1,050	+/- 3.1 %
900	+/- 3.3 %	950	+/- 3.2 %
800	+/- 3.5 %	850	+/- 3.4 %
700	+/- 3.8 %	750	+/- 3.7 %
600	+/- 4.1 %	650	+/- 3.9 %
500	+/- 4.5 %	550	+/- 4.3 %
400	+/- 5.0 %	450	+/- 4.7 %

* Based on 95% confidence interval.

"Maximum sampling errors" occur when survey figures are close to 50%. If the figures are close to 0% or 100%, the sampling error will diminish accordingly. The sampling errors of ratings, however, will depend on the distribution of the raw figures. Since January 2007, POP lists out the sampling errors of all survey figures in detail and explain them in due course. Recent popularity figures of Donald Tsang are summarized as follows:

Date of survey	5-9/3/08	18-20/3/08	1-3/4/08	16-18/4/08	2-6/5/08		Latest change
Sample base	1,027	1,026	1,047	1,009	1,024		--
Overall response rate	64.3%	65.7%	63.6%	69.6%	63.8%		--
Maximum sampling error of ratings (at 95 % confidence level)*	+/-1.0	+/-1.2	+/-1.1	+/-1.1	+/-1.2		--
Sampling error of percentages (at 95% confidence level)*	+/-3%	+/-3%	+/-3%	+/-3%	+/-3%		--
Finding for each question / Sampling error*	Finding	Finding	Finding	Finding	Finding	Sampling error	--
Rating of CE Donald Tsang	64.4	64.3	64.7	64.8	65.1	+/-1.2	+0.3
Vote of confidence in CE Donald Tsang	63%	64%	63%	64%	63%	+/-3%	-1%
Vote of no confidence in CE Donald Tsang	18%	17%	16%	16%	20%	+/-3%	+4%

* "95% confidence level" means that if we were to repeat a certain survey 100 times, using the same questions each time but with different random samples, we would expect 95 times getting a figure within the error margins specified. Media can state "sampling error of ratings +/-1.2, sampling error of percentages not more than +/-3% at 95% confidence level" when quoting the above figures.

Figures on the latest popularity ratings of the three Secretaries of Departments under the accountability system are summarized below:

Date of survey	1-5/2/08	27/2/08	5-9/3/08	1-3/4/08	2-6/5/08		Latest change*
Sample base	1,029	526-529#	1,027	1,047	1,024		--
Overall response rate	66.0%	75.5%	64.3%	63.6%	63.8%		--
Maximum sampling error of ratings (at 95% confidence level)**	+/-1.2	+/-1.4	+/-1.0	+/-1.1	+/-1.2		--
Maximum sampling error of percentages (at 95% confidence level)**	+/-3%	+/-4%	+/-3%	+/-3%	+/-3%		--
Finding for each question / Sampling error**	Finding	Finding	Finding	Finding	Finding	Sampling error	--
Ratings of CS Henry Tang	62.7	--	61.5	63.3	62.6	+/-1.1	-0.7
Vote of confidence in CS Henry Tang	57%	--	53%	59%	57%	+/-3%	-2%
Vote of no confidence in CS Henry Tang	8%	--	9%	7%	8%	+/-2%	+1%
Ratings of FS John Tsang	56.0	67.9	66.3	63.9	60.5	+/-1.2	-3.4
Vote of confidence in FS John Tsang	35%	58%	68%	57%	52%	+/-3%	-5%
Vote of no confidence in FS John Tsang	11%	4%	7%	8%	12%	+/-2%	+4%
Ratings of SJ Y.L. Wong	62.2	--	61.0	62.3	63.0	+/-1.2	+0.7
Vote of confidence in SJ Y.L.Wong	58%	--	54%	55%	54%	+/-3%	-1%
Vote of no confidence in SJ Y.L.Wong	7%	--	9%	7%	8%	+/-2%	+1%

* The frequency of this series of questions is different for different questions, and also different from that of CE popularity ratings. Comparisons, if made, should be synchronized using the same intervals.
** "95% confidence level" means that if we were to repeat a certain survey 100 times, using the same questions each time but with different random samples, we would expect 95 times getting a figure within the error margins specified. Media can state "sampling error of various ratings not more than +/-1.2, sampling error of percentages not more than +/-3% at 95% confidence level" when quoting the above figures.
# This series of questions only uses sub-samples of our Budget instant survey, the sample size for each question also varies. Regarding the change of John Tsang's popularity figures, one can compare them per poll, or with other officials' figures after synchronizing them to the same cycle.

Figures on the latest popularity ratings of Directors of Bureaux under the accountability system are summarized below:

Date of survey	5-9/3/08		1-3/4/08		2-6/5/08			Latest Change (Percentage)
Total sample size	1,027*		1,047*		1,024*			--
Overall response rate	64.3%		63.6%		63.8%			--
Sample base for each question/ Percentage of answer/Error**	Base	%	Base	%	Base	%	Error	--
Vote of confidence in Secretary for Security Ambrose Lee	673	65%	632	69%	649	67%	+/-4%	-2%
Vote of no confidence in Secretary for Security Ambrose Lee	673	8%	632	4%	649	6%	+/-2%	+2%
Vote of confidence in Secretary for Labour and Welfare Matthew Cheung	538	56%	552	52%	554	50%	+/-4%	-2%
Vote of no confidence in Secretary for Labour and Welfare Matthew Cheung	538	8%	552	9%	554	10%	+/-3%	+1%
Vote of confidence in Secretary for Food and Health York Chow	620	46%	569	41%	632	45%	+/-4%	+4%
Vote of no confidence in Secretary for Food and Health York Chow	620	21%	569	30%	632	28%	+/-4%	-2%
Vote of confidence in Secretary for Development Carrie Lam	619	50%	591	45%	618	42%	+/-4%	-3%
Vote of no confidence in Secretary for Development Carrie Lam	619	10%	591	12%	618	13%	+/-3%	+1%
Vote of confidence in Secretary for Transport and Housing Eva Cheng	583	37%	677	36%	533	37%	+/-4%	+1%
Vote of no confidence in Secretary for Transport and Housing Eva Cheng	583	7%	677	6%	533	9%	+/-2%	+3%
Vote of confidence in Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development Frederick Ma	616	41%	666	40%	510	37%	+/-4%	-3%
Vote of no confidence in Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development Frederick Ma	616	19%	666	16%	510	21%	+/-4%	+5%
Vote of confidence in Secretary for Education Michael Suen	596	46%	638	39%	573	34%	+/-4%	-5%
Vote of no confidence in Secretary for Education Michael Suen	596	19%	638	23%	573	30%	+/-4%	+7%
Vote of confidence in Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury Ceajer Chan	600	32%	679	33%	585	30%	+/-4%	-3%
Vote of no confidence in Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury Ceajer Chan	600	3%	679	5%	585	3%	+/-1%	-2%
Vote of confidence in Secretary for Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Stephen Lam	597	31%	581	27%	574	30%	+/-4%	+3%
Vote of no confidence in Secretary for Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Stephen Lam	597	24%	581	26%	574	28%	+/-4%	+2%
Vote of confidence in Secretary for the Civil Service Denise Yue	503	37%	516	35%	575	29%	+/-4%	-6%
Vote of no confidence in Secretary for the Civil Service Denise Yue	503	7%	516	8%	575	11%	+/-3%	+3%
Vote of confidence in Secretary for Home Affairs Tsang Tak-sing	601	30%	645	29%	592	28%	+/-4%	-1%
Vote of no confidence in Secretary for Home Affairs Tsang Tak-sing	601	22%	645	23%	592	26%	+/-4%	+3%
Vote of confidence in Secretary for the Environment Edward Yau	711	27%	664	26%	577	25%	+/-4%	-1%
Vote of no confidence in Secretary for the Environment Edward Yau	711	11%	664	10%	577	11%	+/-3%	+1%

* Starting from 2006, these questions only uses sub-samples of the tracking surveys concerned, the sample size for each question also varies.
** "95% confidence level" means that if we were to repeat a certain survey 100 times, using the same questions each time but with different random samples, we would expect 95 times getting a figure within the error margins specified. Media can state "sampling error of percentages not more than +/-4% at 95% confidence level" when quoting the above figures.

The latest survey showed that, CE Donald Tsang scored 65.1 marks, and 63% supported him as the Chief Executive. Meanwhile, the corresponding ratings of CS Henry Tang Ying-yen, FS John Tsang Chun-wah and SJ Wong Yan-lung were 62.6, 60.5 and 63.0 marks, and 57%, 52% and 54% would vote for their reappointment correspondingly. As for the Directors of Bureaux, results revealed that the top approval rate fell to Secretary for Security Ambrose Lee Siu-kwong, attaining 67%. Secretary for Labour and Welfare Matthew Cheung Kin-chung occupied the 2nd rank with a support rate of 50%. Secretary for Food and Health York Chow Yat-ngok and Secretary for Development Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor occupied the 3rd and 4th ranks with respective support rates of 45% and 42%. The 5th to 9th ranks went to Secretary for Transport and Housing Eva Cheng Yu-wah, Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development Frederick Ma Si-hang, Secretary for Education Michael Suen Ming-yeung, Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury Ceajer Chan Ka-keung and Secretary for Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Stephen Lam Sui-lung as they gained 37%, 37%, 34%, 30% and 30% vote of confidence from the public respectively. Meanwhile, Secretary for the Civil Service Denise Yue Chung-yee, Secretary for Home Affairs Tsang Tak-sing and Secretary for Environment Edward Yau Tang-wah occupied the 10th to 12th ranks with respective support rates of 29%, 28% and 25%. In other words, only Ambrose Lee Siu-kwong and Matthew Cheung Kin-chung scored approval rates of over 50% among all Directors of Bureaux.

Opinion Daily

In January 2007, POP opened a feature page called "Opinion Daily" at the "POP Site", to record significant events and selected polling figures on a day-to-day basis. Our purpose is to provide readers with accurate information so that they can judge by themselves the reasons for the ups and downs of different opinion figures. When "Opinion Daily" began to operate on January 17, 2007, it only contained significant events and popularity figures of the Chief Executive over the past few months. As of today, it contains a chronology of events starting from May 1, 2006, and many poll figures registered since January 1, 2006. Readers can now check on the results of 9 different polling items compiled by POP, including the popularity of the Chief Executive, the HKSAR government, and the Secretaries of Departments under the accountability system. In near future, the content of "Opinion Daily" will continue to expand, in order to promote the science of opinion polling.

In July 2007, POP collaborated with Wisers Information Limited whereby Wisers supplies to POP since July 24 each day a record of significant events of that day, according to the research method designed by POP. These daily entries would be uploaded to the "Opinion Daily" feature page as soon as they are verified by POP, in order to provide readers with swifter and more accurate information.

In August 2007, POP began to include in its regular press releases a list of significant events which happened in between two surveys, so that readers can make their own judgment on whether these events have any effect on the ups and downs of the polling figures. This press release is no exception.

For the polling items covered in this press release, using the previous survey as a reference point for comparison, our "Opinion Daily" for this release starts on April 8, 2008, because the previous survey of some items was conducted from April 1 to 3, 2008 while this survey was conducted from May 2 to 6, 2008. During this period, herewith the significant events selected from counting newspaper headlines and commentaries on a daily basis and covered by at least 25% of the local newspaper articles. Readers can make their own judgment if these significant events have any impacts to different polling figures.

2/5/08	The Olympic torch relay at Hong Kong completes.
1/5/08	A bus traffic accident causes 18 people dead and 44 injured at Sai Kung.
30/4/08	The Beijing Olympic flame arrives in Hong Kong.
29/4/08	HK Sports Federation and Olympic Committee announces list of 120 bearers for Olympic torch relay.
25/4/08	The Department of Health loses records of 691 patients.
22/4/08	Hong Kong will build a rail link connecting the city to Guangzhou and Shenzhen.
9/4/08	Budget airline Oasis Hong Kong collapses.
8/4/08	Olympic torch relay could be cut short.

Commentary

Robert Ting-Yiu Chung, Director of Public Opinion Programme, observed, "Looking only at changes in approval rates over the past month, among CE and all principal officials, the following changes are significant beyond sampling errors: The approval rate of Secretary for the Civil Service Denise Yue dropped 6 percentage points, that of FS John Tsang and Secretary for Education Michael Suen both dropped 5 percentage points. According to the benchmarks set by us quite some time ago, Ambrose Lee is now the only official with "ideal" performance. Donald Tsang, Henry Tang, Wong Yan-lung, John Tsang and Matthew Cheung can be labeled as "successful", York Chow, Carrie Lam, Frederick Ma, Michael Suen, Stephen Lam and Tsang Tak-sing can be labeled as "mediocre", and Eva Cheng, Ceajer Chan, Denise Yue and Edward Yau can be labeled as "inconspicuous". No official falls under the categories of "depressing" or "disastrous". As for the reasons affecting the popularity change of these officials, readers can make their own judgment using detailed records shown in our "Opinion Daily" feature page. The further drop of FS John Tsang's popularity is obviously caused by the fading away of the Budget effect, and the appearance of inflation problems. There is not much left in what Tsang has gained through his Budget Speech."

The following table summarizes the grading of the principal officials for readers' easy reference:

"Ideal": those with approval rates of over 66%; ranked by their approval rates shown inside brackets

Secretary for Security Ambrose Lee Siu-kwong (67%)

"Successful": those with approval rates of over 50%; ranked by their approval rates shown inside brackets

CE Donald Tsang Yam-kuen (63%); CS Henry Tang Ying-yen (57%); SJ Wong Yan-lung (54%); FS John Tsang Chun-wah (52%); Secretary for Labour and Welfare Matthew Cheung Kin-chung (50%)

"Mediocre": those not belonging to other 5 types; ranked by their approval rates shown inside brackets

Secretary for Food and Health York Chow Yat-ngok (45%); Secretary for Development Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor (42%); Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development Frederick Ma Si-hang (37%); Secretary for Education Michael Suen Ming-yeung (34%); Secretary for Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Stephen Lam Sui-lung (30%); Secretary for Home Affairs Tsang Tak-sing (28%)

"Inconspicuous": those with recognition rates of less than 50%; ranked by their approval rates; the first figure inside bracket is approval rate while the second figure is recognition rate

Secretary for Transport and Housing Eva Cheng Yu-wah (37%, 46%); Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury Ceajer Chan Ka-keung (30%, 33%); Secretary for the Civil Service Denise Yue Chung-yee (29%, 40%); Secretary for the Environment Edward Yau Tang-wah (25%, 36%)

"Depressing": those with disapproval rates of over 50%; ranked by their disapproval rates

None

"Disastrous": those with disapproval rates of over 66%; ranked by their disapproval rates

None

Regarding the grading system of these officials, Robert Chung further explained, "A new grading system was adopted last year for the HKCEE Chinese Language and English Language, whereby the old "pulling curve" system using a six-grade norm reference approach was replaced by a standard-referenced approach with six grades from Level "1" to "5*". This should have deepened people's understanding of the standard-referenced approach, which is fairly similar to POP's grading system of principal officials. We therefore would not object to community members using Level "1" to "5*" to describe the popularity of principle officials."

News about POP

POP's normal practice is to release the results of our regular surveys every Tuesday afternoon via our POP Site, except during public holidays, each time with a forecast of the items to be released in the next 7 days. According to schedule, our next release of regular survey findings will be May 20, 2008, Tuesday, between 1pm and 2 pm, when the survey on people's feeling towards different governments and peoples will be released.

Our general practice is to answer all questions on the research design of the surveys published in the POP Site as soon as we receive them, but we will not further comment on the findings. We welcome questions for follow-up purpose, please email them to us at <[email protected]>. We will keep such an arrangement under constant review, suggestions most welcome. Please note that everything carried in the POP Site does not represent the stand of the University of Hong Kong. Dr Robert Ting-Yiu Chung, Director of POP, is responsible for everything posted herewith, except for column articles which represent the stand of their authors.

Since January 2006, we have included in our regular press releases a small educational section for the purpose of sharing our research experience with the readers and the general public, and the subject of our education section today is "About HKUPOP". In the near future, we will keep on stepping up our effort in promoting general civic education to enhance our POP Site accordingly.

About HKUPOP

Popularity surveys of CE and principal officials
In advanced democratic countries, the popularity of top leaders and principal officials is the crux of all opinion polls. Shortly after HKUPOP was established, we started to conduct surveys on these aspects. We have explained the development of these surveys in our press releases of October 31, 2006, January 16 and 31, February 8, March 13, June 12, August 14, September 11, October 16, November 13, December 11, 2007, February 12, March 11 as well as April 8, 2008. Today, we post it again, so that readers can review such development.

(1) Development of CE's popularity survey

From its establishment to the handover of Hong Kong, POP has continually conducted surveys to measure the popularity rating of Governor Chris Patten. After the handover when Tung Chee-hwa became the first Chief Executive in 1997, we began our popularity survey of CE Tung Chee-hwa. After Tung resigned and Donald Tsang succeeded, POP has begun to measure Tsang's popularity. The frequency of our surveys was at least once every month during the Patten era. It was then increased to three times per month when Tung became CE, until the end of 1997. From January 1998 onwards, it was reduced to twice every month.

The question wordings used in "popularity of Governor or CE" survey are: "Please use a scale of 0-100 to rate your extent of support to the Governor/ the Chief Executive XXX, with 0 indicating absolutely not supportive, 100 indicating absolutely supportive and 50 indicating half-half. How would you rate the Governor/the Chief Executive XXX?" and "If a general election of the Chief Executive were to be held tomorrow, and you had the right to vote, would you vote for XXX?".

Before April 2000, the sample size of our regular surveys was set at slightly over 500. After that, it was increased to at least 1,000.

2) Development of CE's popularity (performance) survey

The frequency of our surveys was once every two months since August 2002. From February 2004 onwards, it was reduced to once every six months.

The question wordings used in "CE popularity (performance)" survey are: "Do you think XXX is doing a good or bad job as CE?".

Regarding the sample size, ever since the beginning, the sample size of surveys has been set at slightly over 1,000.

(3) Development of the survey for Secretaries of Departments:

For the rating survey of the Secretaries of Departments, in between January to November 2001, the frequency of the survey was conducted on an irregular basis. From January 2002 onwards, the survey is conducted once every month. For the support rates of the Secretaries based on people's hypothetical vote of confidence, it was surveyed once every three months from September 2002 to December 2003. Then it was changed to once every two months from February 2004 to December 2005. From January 2006 onwards, the survey is conducted once every month.

The wordings used in the questionnaire are: "Please use a scale of 0-100 to rate your extent of support to Chief Secretary for Administration XXX/Financial Secretary YYY/Secretary for Justice ZZZ, with 0 indicating absolutely not supportive, 100 indicating supportive and 50 indicating half-half. How would you rate XXX/YYY/ZZZ?". For the support rates of Secretaries, the wordings are "If you had the right to vote on the reappointment or dismissal of XXX/YYY/ZZZ as the Chief Secretary for Administration/Financial Secretary/Secretary for Justice tomorrow, how would you vote?"

Regarding the sample size, ever since the beginning, the sample size of surveys has been set at slightly over 1,000.

(4) Development of the survey for Directors of Bureaux:

For the rating survey of the Directors of Bureaux, in between June 2002 to December 2005, the frequency was once every month. From January 2006 to June 2007, the survey is conducted once every two months. For the support rates of Directors of Bureaux, the frequency was once every three months from September 2002 to December 2003. Then from February 2004 to June 2007, the survey was conducted once every two months. In July 2007, with the beginning of CE's new term of office and the appointment of new principal officials, the frequency of support rate survey of the Directors of Bureaux was increased to once every month, while the frequency of rating survey was reduced to once every three months. Moreover, although all survey results are uploaded onto the POP Site in detail, POP no longer analyze the result of rating surveys. This is to better match the evolvement of the accountability system as well as the pace of democratic development.

Similar to the popularity survey of the Secretaries of Departments, that of the Directors of Bureaux also includes the questions of rating and hypothetical voting. The wordings used in the questionnaire are: "Please use a scale of 0-100 to rate your extent of support to XXX, with 0 indicating absolutely not supportive, 100 indicating supportive and 50 indicating half-half. How would you rate XXX?" and "If you had the right to vote on the reappointment or dismissal of XXX as YYYYYYYYY tomorrow, how would you vote?" However, the two questions are may not be asked in different the same surveys separately.

Regarding the sample size, from the beginning to December 2005, the sample size of the surveys was set at slightly over 1,000. However, from 2006 onwards, this series of questions only uses sub-samples of the tracking surveys concerned, and the sample size for each question also varies.

All the findings from our surveys on "popularity of principal officials" have been released online through our HKU POP Site.