HKU POP releases popularity figures of CE and principal officialsBack

Press Release on June 16, 2015

Special Announcement

To facilitate academic study and rational discussion, the Public Opinion Programme (POP) of The University of Hong Kong has already released for public examination some time ago via the HKU POP SITE” (http://hkupop.pori.hk) the raw data of all 73 regular rating surveys of CE CY Leung, as well as the 181 regular rating surveys of former CE Donald Tsang and 239 regular rating surveys of former CE CH Tung, along with related demographics of respondents. POP today releases the raw data of the latest which is the 74th CE rating survey of CY Leung. Please follow normal academic standards when using or citing such data.

Abstract

POP interviewed 1,066 Hong Kong people between 3 and 9 June, 2015 by means of a random telephone survey conducted by real interviewers. Our latest survey conducted in early June shows that the support rating of CE CY Leung recedes again and goes down to 42.6 marks, staying below the warning line of 45. His approval rate now stands at 23%, disapproval rate 58%, giving a net popularity of negative 35 percentage points. As for the Secretaries of Departments, the latest support rating of CS Carrie Lam is 55.4 marks, her approval rate 54%, disapproval rate 21%, giving a net popularity of positive 33 percentage points. The latest support rating of FS John Tsang is 59.0 marks, approval rate 57%, disapproval rate 13%, thus a net popularity of positive 44 percentage points. As for SJ Rimsky Yuen, his support rating is 49.8 marks, approval rate 36%, disapproval rate 25%, giving a net popularity of positive 10 percentage points. In terms of popularity rating, John Tsang continues to be the most popular Secretary of Department. As for the Directors of Bureaux, compared to one month ago, the net approval rates of 5 among the 12 Directors have gone up, while 6 have gone down and one remains unchanged. Among them, Secretary for Transport and Housing Anthony Cheung Bing-leung, Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development Gregory So Kam-leung, Secretary for Security Lai Tung-kwok and Secretary for Education Eddie Ng Hak-kim register significant changes in their net approval rates, down by 13, 9, 8 and 8 percentage points respectively. Among all the Directors, Gregory So, Eddie Ng and Paul Chan register negative popularities, at negative 2, 34 and 36 percentage points respectively. Ko Wing-man continues to be the most popular Director, with a net approval rate of positive 67 percentage points. According to POP’s standard, Ko Wing-man falls under the category of “ideal” performer, John Tsang and Carrie Lam fall under the category of “successful” performer. The performance of Matthew Cheung, Lai Tung-kwok, Rimsky Yuen, Wong Kam-sing, Raymond Tam, Tsang Tak-sing, Anthony Cheung and Gregory So can be labeled as “mediocre”. That of Ceajer Chan and Paul Tang can be labeled as “inconspicuous”. CY Leung, Paul Chan and Eddie Ng fall into the category of “depressing” performer, while no one falls into that of “disastrous”. The maximum sampling errors of all approval and disapproval rates is +/-4 percentage points at 95% confidence level, while the sampling errors of rating figures and net approval rates need another calculation. The response rate of the survey is 64%. As the support rating of CE CY Leung continues to stand below the warning line of 45 again, Director of POP, Robert Chung, again reprints the abstracts of two articles written by him before on CE popularity, to discuss the possibility of a governance crisis. The articles can be downloaded in full from the POP Site.

Points to note:

[1]The address of the “HKU POP SITE” is http://hkupop.pori.hk, journalists can check out the details of the survey there.
[2]The sample size of this survey is 1,066 successful interviews, not 1,066 x 63.9% response rate. In the past, many media made this mistake.
[3]“95% confidence level” means that if we were to repeat a certain survey 100 times, using the same questions each time but with different random samples, we would expect 95 times getting a figure within the error margins specified. When quoting these figures, journalists can state “sampling error of rating not more than +/-2.4, sampling error of percentages not more than +/-4%, and sampling error of net values not more than +/-7% at 95% confidence level”.
[4]Because of sampling errors in conducting the survey(s) and the rounding procedures in processing the data, the figures cannot be too precise, and the totals may not be completely accurate. Therefore, when quoting percentages of the survey(s), journalists should refrain from reporting decimal places, but when quoting the rating figures, one decimal place can be used.
[5]The data of this survey is collected by means of random telephone interviews conducted by real interviewers, not by any interactive voice system (IVS). If a research organization uses “computerized random telephone survey” to camouflage its IVS operation, it should be considered unprofessional.

Latest Figures

POP today releases the latest popularity figures of CE CY Leung and various Secretaries of Departments and Directors of Bureaux under the accountability system. From 2014, POP enhanced the previous simple weighting method based on age and gender distribution to “rim weighting” based on age, gender and education (highest level attended) distribution. The latest figures released today have been rim-weighted according to provisional figures obtained from the Census and Statistics Department regarding the gender-age distribution of the Hong Kong population in 2014 year-end and the educational attainment (highest level attended) distribution collected in the 2011 Census. Herewith the contact information for the latest survey:

Date of survey	Overall sample size	Response rate	Maximum sampling error of percentages^{^[6]}
3-9/6/2015	1,066	63.9%	+/-3%

[6]Errors are calculated at 95% confidence level using full sample size. “95% confidence level” means that if we were to repeat a certain survey 100 times, using the same questions each time but with different random samples, we would expect 95 times getting a figure within the error margins specified. Questions using only sub-samples would have bigger sampling error. Sampling errors of ratings and net approval rates are calculated according to the distribution of the scores collected.

As different questions involve different sub-samples, the sampling errors will vary accordingly. The table below briefly shows the relationship between sample size and maximum sampling errors for the readers to capture the corresponding changes:

Sample size (total sample or sub-sample)	Sampling error of percentages^{^[7]} (maximum values)	Sample size (total sample or sub-sample)	Sampling error of percentages^{^[7]} (maximum values)
Sample size (total sample or sub-sample)	Sampling error of percentages^{^[7]} (maximum values)	Sample size (total sample or sub-sample)	Sampling error of percentages^{^[7]} (maximum values)
1,300	+/- 2.8 %	1,350	+/- 2.7 %
1,200	+/- 2.9 %	1,250	+/- 2.8 %
1,100	+/- 3.0 %	1,150	+/- 3.0 %
1,000	+/- 3.2 %	1,050	+/- 3.1 %
900	+/- 3.3 %	950	+/- 3.2 %
800	+/- 3.5 %	850	+/- 3.4 %
700	+/- 3.8 %	750	+/- 3.7 %
600	+/- 4.1 %	650	+/- 3.9 %
500	+/- 4.5 %	550	+/- 4.3 %
400	+/- 5.0 %	450	+/- 4.7 %

[7]Based on 95% confidence interval.

Recent popularity figures of CE CY Leung are summarized as follows:

Date of survey	16-19/3/15	31/3-9/4/15	20-26/4/15	4-7/5/15	15-21/5/15	3-9/6/15	Latest change
Sample base	1,010	1,018	1,070	1,003	1,063	1,066	--
Overall response rate	69.1%	68.4%	67.0%	66.2%	65.6%	63.9%	--
Finding	Finding	Finding	Finding	Finding	Finding	Finding and error ^[8]	--
Rating of CE CY Leung	41.9^[9]	43.3	44.5	43.2	44.6	42.6+/-1.8	-2.0^[9]
Vote of confidence in CE CY Leung	21%	26%^[9]	26%	21%^[9]	22%	23+/-3%	+1%
Vote of no confidence in CE CY Leung	59%^[9]	58%	56%	58%	57%	58+/-3%	+1%
Net approval rate	-39%	-33%^[9]	-30%	-37%^[9]	-35%	-35+/-5%	--

[8]All error figures in the table are calculated at 95% confidence level. “95% confidence level” means that if we were to repeat a certain survey 100 times, using the same questions each time but with different random samples, we would expect 95 times getting a figure within the error margins specified. Media can state “sampling error of rating not more than +/-1.8, sampling error of percentages not more than +/-3%, sampling error of net approval rates not more than +/-5% at 95% confidence level” when quoting the above figures. The error margin of previous survey can be found at the POP Site.
[9]Such changes have gone beyond the sampling errors at the 95% confidence level under the same weighting method, meaning that they are statistically significant prima facie. However, whether numerical differences are statistically significant or not is not the same as whether they are practically useful or meaningful.

Recent popularity figures of the three Secretaries of Departments under the accountability system are summarized below:

Date of survey	25/2/15^[10]	2-5/3/15	31/3-9/4/15	4-7/5/15	3-9/6/15	Latest change
Sample base^{^[10]}	610	633-720	664-689	556-589	537-605	--
Overall response rate	67.4%	67.2%	68.4%	66.2%	63.9%	--
Latest finding	Finding	Finding	Finding	Finding	Finding & error ^[11]	--
Rating of CS Carrie Lam	--	54.0	56.2^[12]	57.4	55.4+/-2.4	-2.0
Vote of confidence in CS Carrie Lam	--	46%	49%	54%^[12]	54+/-4%	--
Vote of no confidence in CS Carrie Lam	--	21%	15%^[12]	17%	21+/-4%	+4%
Net approval rate	--	26%	34%^[12]	37%	33+/-7%	-4%
Rating of FS John Tsang	61.0^[12]	59.0^[12]	60.2	58.2^[12]	59.0+/-1.8	+0.8
Vote of confidence in FS John Tsang	58%	57%	59%	49%^[12]	57+/-4%	+8%^[12]
Vote of no confidence in FS John Tsang	14%	12%	12%	13%	13+/-3%	--
Net approval rate	44%	45%	47%	36%^[12]	44+/-6%	+8%^[12]
Rating of SJ Rimsky Yuen	--	45.1	48.1^[12]	50.1	49.8+/-2.4	-0.3
Vote of confidence in SJ Rimsky Yuen	--	28%^[12]	30%	35%^[12]	36+/-4%	+1%
Vote of no confidence in SJ Rimsky Yuen	--	32%	26%^[12]	22%^[12]	25+/-4%	+3%
Net approval rate	--	-4%^[12]	4%^[12]	13%^[12]	10+/-6%	-3%

[10] The frequency of this series of questions is different from that of CE popularity ratings. Comparisons, if made, should be synchronized using the same intervals. Starting from 2011, these questions only uses sub-samples of the tracking surveys concerned, the sample size for each question also varies. The survey conducted on 25/2/2015 was the instant survey after the Budget Speech and only asked rating of FS as well as his vote of confidence.
[11] All error figures in the table are calculated at 95% confidence level. “95% confidence level” means that if we were to repeat a certain survey 100 times, using the same questions each time but with different random samples, we would expect 95 times getting a figure within the error margins specified. Media can state “sampling error of various ratings not more than +/-2.4, sampling error of percentages not more than +/-4%, sampling error of net approval rates not more than +/-7% at 95% confidence level” when quoting the above figures. The error margin of previous survey can be found at the POP Site.
[12] Such changes have gone beyond the sampling errors at the 95% confidence level under the same weighting method, meaning that they are statistically significant prima facie. However, whether numerical differences are statistically significant or not is not the same as whether they are practically useful or meaningful.

Latest popularity figures of Directors of Bureaux under the accountability system are summarized below, in descending order of net approval rates:

Date of survey	31/3-9/4/15		4-7/5/15		3-9/6/15		Latest change
Sample base ^{^[13]}	588-631		582-625		612-655		--
Overall response rate	68.4%		66.2%		63.9%		--
Sample base for each question/ Percentage of answer	Base	%	Base	%	Base	% & error ^{^[14]}	--
Vote of confidence in Secretary for Food and Health Ko Wing-man	629	80%	617	74%^[15]	646	74+/-3%	--
Vote of no confidence in Secretary for Food and Health Ko Wing-man	629	5%	617	8%^[15]	646	7+/-2%	-1%
Net approval rate	629	75%	617	66%^[15]	646	67+/-5%	+1%
Vote of confidence in Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury Ceajer Chan	620	41%	602	41%	655	42+/-4%	+1%
Vote of no confidence in Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury Ceajer Chan	620	6%^[15]	602	10%^[15]	655	8+/-2%	-2%
Net approval rate	620	34%	602	30%	655	35+/-5%	+5%
Vote of confidence in Secretary for Labour and Welfare Matthew Cheung	605	46%	625	45%	625	48+/-4%	+3%
Vote of no confidence in Secretary for Labour and Welfare Matthew Cheung	605	15%	625	18%	625	16+/-3%	-2%
Net approval rate	605	31%	625	27%	625	32+/-6%	+5%
Vote of confidence in Secretary for the Civil Service Paul Tang	588	23%	609	26%	635	29+/-4%	+3%
Vote of no confidence in Secretary for the Civil Service Paul Tang	588	11%	609	11%	635	12+/-3%	+1%
Net approval rate	588	13%	609	16%^[16]	635	17+/-5%	+1%
Vote of confidence in Secretary for the Environment Wong Kam-sing	631	33%	612	35%	617	36+/-4%	+1%
Vote of no confidence in Secretary for the Environment Wong Kam-sing	631	21%	612	23%	617	22+/-3%	-1%
Net approval rate	631	11%	612	12%	617	13+/-6%	+1%
Vote of confidence in Secretary for Security Lai Tung-kwok	595	34%	613	42%^[15]	650	36+/-4%	-6%^[15]
Vote of no confidence in Secretary for Security Lai Tung-kwok	595	31%	613	25%^[15]	650	27+/-3%	+2%
Net approval rate	595	4%	613	17%^[15]	650	9+/-6%	-8%^[15]
Vote of confidence in Secretary for Home Affairs Tsang Tak-sing	595	31%	602	30%	628	32+/-4%	+2%
Vote of no confidence in Secretary for Home Affairs Tsang Tak-sing	595	24%	602	21%	628	25+/-4%	+4%
Net approval rate	595	7%	602	9%	628	7+/-6%	-2%
Vote of confidence in Secretary for Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Raymond Tam	630	29%	605	30%	643	33+/-4%	+3%
Vote of no confidence in Secretary for Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Raymond Tam	630	26%^[15]	605	24%	643	28+/-4%	+4%
Net approval rate	630	3%	605	5%	643	5+/-6%	--
Vote of confidence in Secretary for Transport and Housing Anthony Cheung	616	39%	601	39%	616	30+/-4%	-9%^[15]
Vote of no confidence in Secretary for Transport and Housing Anthony Cheung	616	20%	601	23%	616	27+/-4%	+4%
Net approval rate	616	19%	601	16%^[16]	616	3+/-6%	-13%^[15]
Vote of confidence in Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development Gregory So	625	31%	601	32%	634	26+/-4%	-6%^[15]
Vote of no confidence in Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development Gregory So	625	24%^[15]	601	25%	634	27+/-4%	+2%
Net approval rate	625	8%	601	7%	634	-2+/-6%	-9%^[15]
Vote of confidence in Secretary for Education Eddie Ng	622	15%	616	19%^[15]	612	17+/-3%	-2%
Vote of no confidence in Secretary for Education Eddie Ng	622	48%	616	45%	612	51+/-4%	+6%^[15]
Net approval rate	622	-33%	616	-26%^[15]	612	-34+/-6%	-8%^[15]
Vote of confidence in Secretary for Development Paul Chan	604	17%^[15]	582	19%	636	17+/-3%	-2%
Vote of no confidence in Secretary for Development Paul Chan	604	51%	582	52%	636	53+/-4%	+1%
Net approval rate	604	-34%^[15]	582	-33%	636	-36+/-6%	-3%

[13] Starting from 2006, these questions only uses sub-samples of the tracking surveys concerned, the sample size for each question also varies.
[14] All error figures in the table are calculated at 95% confidence level. “95% confidence level” means that if we were to repeat a certain survey 100 times, using the same questions each time but with different random samples, we would expect 95 times getting a figure within the error margins specified. Media can state “sampling error of percentages not more than +/-4% and sampling error of net approval rates not more than +/-6% at 95% confidence level” when quoting the above figures. The error margin of previous survey can be found at the POP Site.
[15] Such changes have gone beyond the sampling errors at the 95% confidence level under the same weighting method, meaning that they are statistically significant prima facie. However, whether numerical differences are statistically significant or not is not the same as whether they are practically useful or meaningful.
[16]Based on the figures in early May survey, in one decimal place, the respective net approval rates of Secretary for Transport and Housing Anthony Cheung and Secretary for the Civil Service Paul Tang are 16.1 and 15.7 percentage points. Thus, they ranked fifth and sixth at that time.

The latest survey showed that, CE CY Leung scored 42.6 marks, and 23% supported him as CE, his net approval rate is negative 35 percentage points. Meanwhile, the corresponding ratings of CS Carrie Lam, FS John Tsang and SJ Rimsky Yuen were 55.4, 59.0 and 49.8 marks, and 54%, 57% and 36% would vote for their reappointment correspondingly. Their net approval rates are positive 33, positive 44 and positive 10 percentage points respectively

As for the Directors of Bureaux, according to the net approval rates, results revealed that the top position goes to Secretary for Food and Health Ko Wing-man, attaining positive 67 percentage points. The 2nd and 3rd places belong to Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury Ceajer Chan and Secretary for Labour and Welfare Matthew Cheung with net approval rates of positive 35 and 32 percentage points respectively. Secretary for the Civil Service Paul Tang, Secretary for the Environment Wong Kam-sing, Secretary for Security Lai Tung-kwok, Secretary for Home Affairs Tsang Tak-sing, Secretary for Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Raymond Tam, Secretary for Transport and Housing Anthony Cheung, Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development Gregory So, Secretary for Education Eddie Ng and Secretary for Development Paul Chan ranked 4th to 12th, their corresponding net approval rates are positive 17, positive 13, positive 9, positive 7, positive 5, positive 3, negative 2, negative 34 and negative 36 percentage points. In other words, only Ko Wing-man scored net approval rate of over 50% among all Directors of Bureaux.

Opinion Daily

In January 2007, POP opened a feature page called “Opinion Daily” at the “POP Site”, to record significant events an/ selected polling figures on a day-to-day basis, in order to let readers judge by themselves the reasons for the ups and downs of different opinion figures. In July 2007, POP collaborated with Wisers Information Limited whereby Wisers supplies to POP each day starting from July 24, a record of significant events of that day, according to the research method designed by POP. These daily entries would be uploaded to “Opinion Daily” as soon as they are verified by POP.

For the polling items covered in this press release, the previous survey of some items was conducted from 4 to 7 May, 2015 while this survey was conducted from 3 to 9 June, 2015. During this period, herewith the significant events selected from counting newspaper headlines and commentaries on a daily basis and covered by at least 25% of the local newspaper articles. Readers can make their own judgment if these significant events have any impacts to different polling figures.

9/6/15	Media continues to report on Hong Kong government announces a “red travel alert” against South Korea for the threat of MERS.
8/6/15	Hong Kong government announces a “travel health advice” against South Korea for the threat of MERS.
4/6/15	The undocumented boy Siu Yau-wai seeks voluntary repatriation to mainland.
31/5/15	Beijing officials meet LegCo members and say that the 831 decision will remain valid.
29/5/15	18 people are quarantined after the South Korean man is confirmed to have contracted MERS.
23/5/15	Beijing officials invite lawmakers to have a talk on Hong Kong political reform in Shenzhen.
23/5/15	A boy has been living in Hong Kong for 9 years without documentation.
22/5/15	A mutual fund recognition agreement between China and Hong Kong will commence.
15/5/15	Shenzhen topples Hong Kong as “most economically competitive” city.
14/5/15	8 suspects involved in the Sai Kung abduction case are arrested in Mainland China.

Commentary

Note: The following commentary was written by Director of POP, Robert Chung.

Our latest survey conducted in early June shows that the support rating of CE CY Leung recedes again and goes down to 42.6 marks, staying below the warning line of 45. His approval rate now stands at 23%, disapproval rate 58%, giving a net popularity of negative 35 percentage points.

As for the Secretaries of Departments, the latest support rating of CS Carrie Lam is 55.4 marks, her approval rate 54%, disapproval rate 21%, giving a net popularity of positive 33 percentage points. The latest support rating of FS John Tsang is 59.0 marks, approval rate 57%, disapproval rate 13%, thus a net popularity of positive 44 percentage points. As for SJ Rimsky Yuen, his support rating is 49.8 marks, approval rate 36%, disapproval rate 25%, giving a net popularity of positive 10 percentage points. In terms of popularity rating, John Tsang continues to be the most popular Secretary of Department.

As for the Directors of Bureaux, compared to one month ago, the net approval rates of 5 among the 12 Directors have gone up, while 6 have gone down and one remains unchanged. Among them, Secretary for Transport and Housing Anthony Cheung Bing-leung, Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development Gregory So Kam-leung, Secretary for Security Lai Tung-kwok and Secretary for Education Eddie Ng Hak-kim register significant changes in their net approval rates, down by 13, 9, 8 and 8 percentage points respectively. Among all the Directors, Gregory So, Eddie Ng and Paul Chan register negative popularities, at negative 2, 34 and 36 percentage points respectively. Ko Wing-man continues to be the most popular Director, with a net approval rate of positive 67 percentage points.

According to POP’s standard, Ko Wing-man falls under the category of “ideal” performer, John Tsang and Carrie Lam fall under the category of “successful” performer. The performance of Matthew Cheung, Lai Tung-kwok, Rimsky Yuen, Wong Kam-sing, Raymond Tam, Tsang Tak-sing, Anthony Cheung and Gregory So can be labeled as “mediocre”. That of Ceajer Chan and Paul Tang can be labeled as “inconspicuous”. CY Leung, Paul Chan and Eddie Ng fall into the category of “depressing” performer, while no one falls into that of “disastrous”.

The following table summarizes the grading of CE and the principal officials for readers’ easy reference:

“Ideal”: those with approval rates of over 66%; ranked by their approval rates shown inside brackets

Secretary for Food and Health Ko Wing-man (74%)

“Successful”: those with approval rates of over 50%; ranked by their approval rates shown inside brackets

FS John Tsang Chun-wah (57%); CS Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor (54%)

“Mediocre”: those not belonging to other 5 types; ranked by their approval rates shown inside brackets

Secretary for Labour and Welfare Matthew Cheung Kin-chung (48%); Secretary for Security Lai Tung-kwok (36%)^[17]; SJ Rimsky Yuen Kwok-keung (36%)^[17]; Secretary for the Environment Wong Kam-sing (36%)^[17]; Secretary for Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Raymond Tam Chi-yuen (33%); Secretary for Home Affairs Tsang Tak-sing (32%); Secretary for Transport and Housing Anthony Cheung Bing-leung (30%); Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development Gregory So Kam-leung (26%)

“Inconspicuous”: those with recognition rates of less than 50%; ranked by their approval rates; the first figure inside bracket is approval rate while the second figure is recognition rate

Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury Ceajer Chan Ka-keung (42%, 50%)^[18]; Secretary for the Civil Service Paul Tang Kwok-wai (29%, 40%)

“Depressing”: those with disapproval rates of over 50%; ranked by their disapproval rates shown inside brackets

CE Leung Chun-ying (58%); Secretary for Development Paul Chan Mo-po (53%); Secretary for Education Eddie Ng Hak-kim (51%)

“Disastrous”: those with disapproval rates of over 66%; ranked by their disapproval rates shown inside brackets

[17]In one decimal place, the respective approval rates of Secretary for Security Lai Tung-kwok, SJ Rimsky Yuen Kwok-keung and Secretary for the Environment Wong Kam-sing are 35.8%, 35.6% and 35.5%.
[18] In two decimal places, the recognition rate of Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury Ceajer Chan Ka-keung is 49.95%.

Since the support rating of CE CY Leung continues to stand below the warning line of 45 again, I reprint again the abstracts of two articles written by me before on CE popularity for public reference, to discuss the possibility of a governance crisis. The articles can be downloaded in full from the POP Site.

“The Popularity of Tung Chee-hwa from All Angles” (released on 14/5/2003): “According to our experience, a political figure with less than 50 marks can be said to have fallen into negative popularity, while a score of less than 45 marks can indicate credibility crisis. Using this analysis, Tung has been negatively popular among the general public since August 2002, and in March 2003, he has sunk into a credibility crisis…”

“New Perspectives on Chief Executive Ratings” (released on 12/6/2003): “Concurrent tests showed that a support rating of 55 marks was more or less equivalent to a ‘vote share’ of 45%, 50 marks could be converted to round about 30%, 45 marks to 20%, and 40 marks to 10% to 15%... In late 1990, after the ‘approval rate’ of Margaret Thatcher sank to 25%, she withdrew from the election for the leader of the British Conservative Party, thereby gave up her job as the Prime Minister of UK, a post which she held since 1979. In early 1997, John Major lost his post of Prime Minister to Tony Blair, after his ‘approval rate’ hovered around the level of 30% for a long time. As for former USA President Bill Clinton, his lowest ever ‘approval rate’ within his 8-year terms of office was as high as 37%...”

Future Release (Tentative)

June 23, 2015 (Tuesday) 1pm to 2pm: Hong Kong people’s ethnic identity