| Press Release on April 22, 2014 |
|
| Special Announcements| Abstract | Latest Figures | Commentary | Future Releases (Tentative) |
| Detailed Findings (People's Appraisal of the Local News Media) |
|
Special Announcements
-
To facilitate academic study and rational discussion, the Public Opinion Programme (POP) of The University of Hong Kong has already released for public examination some time ago via the "HKU POP Site" (http://hkupop.pori.hk) the raw data of all 45 regular rating surveys of CE CY Leung, along with related demographics of respondents. Because the raw data is already open, POP will simply follow its usual practice of releasing the following statistics in it press release: mean scores, sampling errors at 95% confidence level, latest change in value, whether such change is statistically significant, as well as other basic contact information. Readers are welcome to compile other statistics at will, preferably covering all 45 datasets. Please follow normal academic standards when using or citing such data. POP intends to release the raw data of about 180 regular rating surveys of former CE Donald Tsang in two weeks, and then extend it to cover former CE CH Tung. Please stay tuned.
-
The "people's appraisal of local news media survey" released by POP today, and the "press freedom index survey" to be released tomorrow, are two differently designed surveys. The former belongs to a tracking survey series started by POP in 1993, while the latter is a study initiated by the Hong Kong Journalists Association and jointly designed with a group of academics, with details to be announced tomorrow.
|
Abstract
POP interviewed 1,015 Hong Kong people between 7 and 10 April 2014 by means of a random telephone survey conducted by real interviewers. The survey finds that compared to six months ago, the general credibility rating of the news media has dropped by 0.13 to 6.01 marks, back to the level registered in May last year. People's net satisfaction with press freedom has again dropped to a new low since 1997, with only positive 15 percentage points. Among various types of news media, people are still most satisfied with the television and radio, with net satisfaction rates at positive 41 and 36 percentage points respectively. However, they have both dropped to their own record lows since 1993. These figures have deteriorated probably due to the incidents of issuing free TV licenses, dismissing radio programme hosts, and assault on former Ming Pao Chief Editor Kevin Lau in between the two surveys. However, people's satisfaction with the overall performance of the news media in general has not changed much with a net satisfaction at positive 34 percentage points, which is higher than that of press freedom. Besides, most people think the media have given full play to press freedom, but at the same time misused or abused press freedom. Around one-third each considers the media responsible and irresponsible in their reporting. Close to half believe Hong Kong's news media have practiced self-censorship, mainly because of their hesitation to criticize the Central Government, but not so when criticizing the HKSAR Government. The maximum sampling error of all percentages is not more than +/-4% at 95% confidence level, while the sampling errors of rating figures and net satisfaction rates need another calculation. The response rate of the rating survey is 68%.
Points to note:
[1] The address of the "HKU POP SITE" is http://hkupop.pori.hk, journalists can check out the details of the survey there.
[2] The sample size of the survey on people's appraisal of local news media is 1,015 successful interviews, not 1,015 x 68.1% response rate.
[3] "95% confidence level" means that if we were to repeat a certain survey 100 times, using the same questions each time but with different random samples, we would expect 95 times getting a figure within the error margins specified. When quoting these figures, journalists can state "sampling error of rating not more than +/-0.17 marks, sampling error of percentages not more than +/-4% and sampling error of net satisfaction rates not more than +/-7% at 95% confidence level". Because POP introduced "rim weighting" in 2014, during the transition period, whether changes in various figures are beyond sampling errors are based on tests using the same weighting methods. That is, to test whether the first set of figures collected in 2014 is significantly different from that of the previous survey, both sets of data are rim weighted before testing, instead of using simple computation of the published figures.
[4] Because of sampling errors in conducting the survey(s) and the rounding procedures in processing the data, the figures cannot be too precise, and the totals may not be completely accurate. Therefore, when quoting percentages of the survey(s), journalists should refrain from reporting decimal places, but when quoting the rating figures, one decimal place can be used.
[5] The data of this survey is collected by means of random telephone interviews conducted by real interviewers, not by any interactive voice system (IVS). If a research organization uses "computerized random telephone survey" to camouflage its IVS operation, it should be considered unprofessional.
|
Latest Figures
POP today releases on schedule via the "POP SITE" the latest figures of people's appraisal of local news media. From 2014, POP enhanced the previous simple weighting method based on age and gender distribution to "rim weighting" based on age, gender and education (highest level attended) distribution. The latest figures released today have been rim-weighted according to provisional figures obtained from the Census and Statistics Department regarding the gender-age distribution of the Hong Kong population in 2013 year-end and the educational attainment (highest level attended) distribution collected in the 2011 Census. Herewith the contact information for the latest survey:
Date of survey |
Overall sample size |
Response rate |
Sampling error of percentages [6] |
7-10/4/2014 |
1,015 |
68.1% |
+/-3% |
[6] Calculated at 95% confidence level using full sample size. "95% confidence level" means that if we were to repeat a certain survey 100 times, using the same questions each time but with different random samples, we would expect 95 times getting a figure within the error margins specified.
[7] The figures shown in the "latest change" column of this press release have been tested after "rim weighting" data collected in this and last surveys. The structural effect of using the new weighting method is small, around -3% to +3% for percentage figures, and around +0.03 for rating figure, while statistical significance tests are not affected.
Recent figures are summarized as follows:
Date of survey |
8-18/10/2012 |
28-31/5/2013 |
28-31/10/2013 |
7-10/4/2014 |
Latest change |
Sample base [11] |
1,012 |
1,012 |
1,022 |
1,015 |
-- |
Overall response rate |
67.8% |
66.8% |
68.9% |
68.1% |
-- |
Finding |
Finding |
Finding |
Finding |
Finding and error [8] |
-- |
Credibility rating of the local news media in general |
6.16 |
6.01[10] |
6.14 |
6.01+/-0.17 |
-0.13 |
Freedom of the press in HK: Satisfaction rate [9] |
54%[10] |
53% |
53% |
47+/-4% |
-6%[10] |
Freedom of the press in HK: Dissatisfaction rate [9] |
24%[10] |
24% |
28% |
32+/-4% |
+4%[10] |
Net satisfaction rate |
30%[10] |
29% |
25% |
15+/-7% |
-10%[10] |
Mean value[9] |
3.4+/-0.1[10]
(Base=512) |
3.3+/-0.1
(Base=670) |
3.2+/-0.1
(Base=582) |
3.1+/-0.1
(Base=544) |
-0.1[10] |
Perceived the local news media to be responsible in their reporting [9] |
31%[10] |
31% |
32% |
35+/-4% |
+3% |
Perceived the local news media to be irresponsible in their reporting [9] |
31% |
29% |
32% |
31+/-4% |
-1% |
Mean value[9] |
2.9+/-0.1[10]
(Base=498) |
3.0+/-0.1
(Base=607) |
3.0+/-0.1
(Base=575) |
3.0+/-0.1
(Base=512) |
-- |
Perceived that the local news media had given full play to the freedom of speech |
73% |
71% |
60%[10] |
62+/-4% |
+2% |
Perceived that the local news media had not given full play to the freedom of speech |
21% |
22% |
33%[10] |
30+/-4% |
-3% |
Perceived that the local news media had misused/abused the freedom of press |
59% |
56% |
53% |
49+/-4% |
-4% |
Perceived that the local news media had not misused/abused the freedom of press |
31% |
32% |
37%[10] |
41+/-4% |
+4% |
Perceived that the local news media had practiced self-censorship |
49% |
48% |
51% |
51+/-4% |
-- |
Perceived that the local news media had not practiced self-censorship |
37% |
35% |
33% |
32+/-4% |
-1% |
Perceived that the local news media had scruples when criticizing the HKSAR Government |
31%[10] |
34% |
38% |
37+/-4% |
-1% |
Perceived that the local news media had no scruples when criticizing the HKSAR Government |
64%[10] |
57%[10] |
55% |
55+/-4% |
-- |
Perceived that the local news media had scruples when criticizing the Central Government |
48%[10] |
52% |
57%[10] |
55+/-4% |
-2% |
Perceived that the local news media had no scruples when criticizing the Central Government |
43%[10] |
38%[10] |
34% |
35+/-4% |
+1% |
[8] All error figures in the table are calculated at 95% confidence level. "95% confidence level" means that if we were to repeat a certain survey 100 times, using the same questions each time but with different random samples, we would expect 95 times getting a figure within the error margins specified. Media can state "sampling error of rating not more than +/-0.17 mark, sampling error of percentages not more than +/-4% and sampling error of net satisfaction rates not more than +/-7% at 95% confidence level" when quoting the above figures. The error margin of previous survey can be found at the POP Site.
[9] Collapsed from a 5-point scale. The mean value is calculated by quantifying all individual responses into 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 marks according to their degree of positive level, where 1 is the lowest and 5 the highest, and then calculate the sample mean.
[10] Such changes have gone beyond the sampling errors at the 95% confidence level under the same weighting method, meaning that they are statistically significant prima facie. However, whether numerical differences are statistically significant or not is not the same as whether they are practically useful or meaningful.
[11] Starting from 2011, these questions only uses sub-samples of the tracking surveys concerned, the sample size for each question also varies.
Results of latest survey showed that, on a scale of 0-10, the latest credibility rating of the Hong Kong news media in general was 6.01 marks. Moreover, 47% of the respondents were satisfied with the freedom of the press in Hong Kong while 32% were dissatisfied, net satisfaction at positive 15 percentage points. The mean value is 3.1, which is close to "half-half". 35% perceived the local news media to be responsible in their reporting, 31% regarded the local news media as irresponsible. The mean value is 3.0, meaning "half-half". 62% believed the local news media had given full play to the freedom of speech, but 49% said they had misused or abused the freedom of press. Besides, 51% of the respondents thought the local news media had practised self-censorship while 32% perceived the contrary, 37% thought they had scruples when criticizing the HKSAR Government, whereas 55% thought they had scruples when criticizing the Central Government. The results of other questions such as people's main source of news and their satisfaction on individual news media are shown below:
Date of survey |
8-18/10/2012 |
28-31/5/2013 |
28-31/10/2013 |
7-10/4/2014 |
Latest change |
Sample base [16] |
1,012 |
1,012 |
1,022 |
1,015 |
-- |
Overall response rate |
67.8% |
66.8% |
68.9% |
68.1% |
-- |
Finding |
Finding |
Finding |
Finding |
Finding and error[12] |
-- |
People's main source of news: Television |
73% |
71% |
77%[15] |
77+/-4% |
-- |
People's main source of news: Newspaper |
62% |
55%[15] |
60%[15] |
56+/-4% |
-4% |
People's main source of news: Internet |
41% |
45% |
49% |
48+/-4% |
-1% |
People's main source of news: Radio |
23% |
21% |
35%[15] |
28+/-4% |
-7%[15] |
People's main source of news: Friends |
8% |
9% |
14%[15] |
13+/-3% |
-1% |
Perceived that television was the most trustworthy source |
48%[15] |
50% |
36%[15] |
38+/-4% |
+2% |
Perceived that newspaper was the most trustworthy source |
18% |
14%[15] |
21%[15] |
22+/-4% |
+1% |
Perceived that radio was the most trustworthy source |
15% |
14% |
20%[15] |
14+/-3% |
-6%[15] |
Perceived that internet was the most trustworthy source |
8%[15] |
6% |
10%[15] |
11+/-3% |
+1% |
Perceived that family member was the most trustworthy source |
2% |
4%[15] |
3% |
4+/-2% |
+1% |
Satisfaction rate of television [13] |
66%[15] |
61%[15] |
60% |
61+/-4% |
+1% |
Dissatisfaction rate of television [13] |
6% |
10%[15] |
15%[15] |
20+/-3% |
+5%[15] |
Net satisfaction rate |
60%[15] |
51%[15] |
46% |
41+/-7% |
-5% |
Mean value[13] |
3.7+/-0.1
(Base=517) |
3.6+/-0.1
(Base=627) |
3.5+/-0.1
(Base=531) |
3.5+/-0.1
(Base=541) |
-- |
Satisfaction rate of radio [13] |
54%[15] |
51% |
56%[15] |
53+/-4% |
-3%[15] |
Dissatisfaction rate of radio [13] |
9% |
6% |
10%[15] |
18+/-3% |
+8%[15] |
Net satisfaction rate |
45%[15] |
45% |
46% |
36+/-7% |
-10%[15] |
Mean value[13] |
3.6+/-0.1
(Base=452) |
3.6+/-0.1
(Base=517) |
3.6+/-0.1
(Base=466) |
3.4+/-0.1
(Base=470) |
-0.2[15] |
Satisfaction rate of newspapers [13] |
38% |
34% |
39%[15] |
46+/-4% |
+7%[15] |
Dissatisfaction rate of newspapers [13] |
24% |
19%[15] |
24%[15] |
22+/-3% |
-2% |
Net satisfaction rate |
14% |
15% |
16% |
24+/-7% |
+8% |
Mean value[13] |
3.1+/-0.1
(Base=484) |
3.1+/-0.1
(Base=607) |
3.1+/-0.1
(Base=543) |
3.3+/-0.1
(Base=519) |
+0.2 |
Satisfaction rate of internet [13] [14] |
33% |
31% |
42%[15] |
43+/-4% |
+1% |
Dissatisfaction rate of internet [13] [14] |
13% |
15% |
16% |
16+/-3% |
-- |
Net satisfaction rate |
20% |
16% |
26%[15] |
28+/-6% |
+2% |
Mean value[13] |
3.3+/-0.1
(Base=375) |
3.2+/-0.1
(Base=519) |
3.3+/-0.1
(Base=446) |
3.3+/-0.1
(Base=409) |
-- |
Satisfaction rate of magazines [13] |
10% |
10% |
12% |
12+/-3% |
-- |
Dissatisfaction rate of magazines [13] |
47%[15] |
43% |
43% |
48+/-4% |
+5%[15] |
Net satisfaction rate |
-37%[15] |
-33% |
-32% |
-36+/-6% |
-4% |
Mean value[13] |
2.4+/-0.1
(Base=400) |
2.5+/-0.1
(Base=528) |
2.5+/-0.1
(Base=446) |
2.4+/-0.1
(Base=440) |
-0.1 |
Satisfaction rate of news media in general [13] |
51%[15] |
53% |
46%[15] |
51+/-4% |
+5% |
Dissatisfaction rate of news media in general [13] |
14%[15] |
12% |
16%[15] |
17+/-3% |
+1% |
Net satisfaction rate |
37%[15] |
41% |
31%[15] |
34+/-6% |
+3% |
Mean value[13] |
3.4+/-0.1
(Base=488) |
3.4+/-0.1
(Base=655) |
3.3+/-0.1
(Base=541) |
3.3+/-0.1
(Base=526) |
-- |
[12] All error figures in the table are calculated at 95% confidence level. "95% confidence level" means that if we were to repeat a certain survey 100 times, using the same questions each time but with different random samples, we would expect 95 times getting a figure within the error margins specified. Media can state "sampling error of percentages not more than +/-4% and that of net satisfaction rates not more than +/-7% at 95% confidence level" when quoting the above figures. The error margin of previous survey can be found at the POP Site.
[13] Collapsed from a 5-point scale. The mean value is calculated by quantifying all individual responses into 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 marks according to their degree of positive level, where 1 is the lowest and 5 the highest, and then calculate the sample mean.
[14] Question was first introduced in April 2010.
[15] Such changes have gone beyond the sampling errors at the 95% confidence level under the same weighting method, meaning that they are statistically significant prima facie. However, whether numerical differences are statistically significant or not is not the same as whether they are practically useful or meaningful.
[16] Starting from 2011, these questions only uses sub-samples of the tracking surveys concerned, the sample size for each question also varies.
Results of the survey also showed that, 77% and 56% of the respondents claimed their main sources of news were television and newspaper respectively, while 38% thought the news reported by the former channel was the most trustworthy. Regarding people's appraisal of various news channels, 61% of the respondents were satisfied with the television, whereas 53% were satisfied with the radio. Net satisfactions of these two channels were positive 41 and 36 percentage points, while their mean values were 3.5 and 3.4 respectively, which were in between "half-half" and "quite satisfied". Comparatively speaking, people's satisfaction with the printed media and the internet was lower, as the respective satisfaction rates of the newspaper, the internet and the magazine were 46%, 43% and 12% only, net satisfaction were positive 24, positive 28 and negative 36 percentage points, and mean values of the former two were both 3.3, meaning in between "half-half" and "quite satisfied" whereas that of the latter was 2.4, which was in between "quite dissatisfied" and "half-half". All in all, the latest satisfaction rate of the above news media in general was 51%, net satisfaction at positive 34 percentage points, and the mean value is 3.3 which was in between "half-half" and "quite satisfied".
|
Commentary
Robert Ting-Yiu Chung, Director of Public Opinion Programme, observed, "Compared to six months ago, the general credibility rating of the news media has dropped by 0.13 to 6.01 marks, back to the level registered in May last year. People's net satisfaction with press freedom has again dropped to a new low since 1997, with only positive 15 percentage points. Among various types of news media, people are still most satisfied with the television and radio, with net satisfaction rates at positive 41 and 36 percentage points respectively. However, they have both dropped to their own record lows since 1993. These figures have deteriorated probably due to the incidents of issuing free TV licenses, dismissing radio programme hosts, and assault on former Ming Pao Chief Editor Kevin Lau in between the two surveys. However, people's satisfaction with the overall performance of the news media in general has not changed much with a net satisfaction at positive 34 percentage points, which is higher than that of press freedom. Besides, most people think the media have given full play to press freedom, but at the same time misused or abused press freedom. Around one-third each consider the media responsible and irresponsible in their reporting. Close to half believe Hong Kong's news media have practiced self-censorship, mainly because of their hesitation to criticize the Central Government, but not so when criticizing the HKSAR Government. As for the reasons affecting people's appraisal of the press, readers can make their own judgment after reading the list of events archived in our 'Opinion Daily' feature page in our 'POP Site'."
|
Future Releases (Tentative)
-
April 24, 2014 (Thursday) 1pm to 2pm: Ratings of Top 10 Legislative Councillors
-
April 29, 2014 (Tuesday) 1pm to 2pm: Popularity of CE and HKSAR Government
|
|
| Special Announcements| Abstract | Latest Figures | Commentary | Future Releases (Tentative) |
| Detailed Findings (People's Appraisal of the Local News Media) |
|
